Wrench and bolt: torque from force, lever arm, and angle

Assumptions

• Rigid wrench, weight neglected.
• Force and wrench lie in a plane perpendicular to the bolt axis.
• Static snapshot: no friction or bolt compliance is modelled.

Limitations

• Does not predict the torque at which a real fastener loosens or yields.
• Torque specifications for real equipment must come from the manufacturer or applicable standard.